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Omega-3-6-9脂肪酸,你需要補充嗎?

Omega-3、Omega-6 和Omega-9脂肪酸都是對人體健康有益處的膳食脂肪。

攝入三種脂肪酸的關鍵是取得三者間適當的平衡,要知道,飲食不平衡可能會導致許多慢性疾病。

這篇文章是omega-3、omega-6和omega-9脂肪酸的指南,帶你學習Omega-3-6-9脂肪酸。

什麼是omega-3脂肪酸?

omega-3脂肪酸是多不飽和脂肪,一種人體無法製造的脂肪,也被稱為“必需脂肪”,這意味著你必須從飲食中獲取它們。

omega-3脂肪有很多種,它們的化學形狀和大小不同。以下是最常見的三種[1-5]

  • 二十碳五烯酸(EPA)主要功能是產生稱為類二十烷酸的化學物質,有助於減輕炎症。EPA也可能有助於減輕抑鬱症狀。
  • 二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)DHA約占大腦重量的8%,有助於大腦發育和功能。
  • α亞麻酸(ALA)可以轉化為EPA和DHA,儘管該過程效率不高。ALA有益於心臟、免疫系統和神經系統。

Omega-3脂肪是人體細胞膜的重要組成部分。它們還具有其他重要功能,包括[6-21]

  • 改善心臟健康。有助於控制膽固醇、甘油三酯和血壓水準。
  • 支持心理健康。如抑鬱症、帕金森病和精神病。
  • 減輕體重和腰圍。
  • 減少肝臟脂肪。
  • 支持嬰兒大腦發育。
  • 對抗炎症。

與omega-6 相比,omega-3脂肪酸攝入量低可能會導致炎症和慢性疾病,例如類風濕性關節炎、糖尿病、動脈粥樣硬化和心力衰竭[22,23]

什麼是omega-6脂肪酸?

與omega-3一樣,omega-6脂肪酸是多不飽和脂肪酸,也是必不可少的,你需要從飲食中獲取它們。

最常見的omega-6脂肪是亞油酸,身體可以將其轉化為更長的omega-6脂肪,例如花生四烯酸(AA)。

與EPA一樣,AA產生類花生酸。然而,AA產生的類花生酸更能促炎。促炎類花生酸在免疫系統中起關鍵作用。然而,當身體產生過多時,它們會增加炎症和炎症性疾病的風險。

Omega-6 是否有益?

γ-亞麻酸(GLA)是一種存在於琉璃苣油、月見草油中的omega-6脂肪酸。

食用時,其中大部分會轉化為另一種稱為二高-γ-亞麻酸(DGLA)的脂肪酸。

研究表明,GLA和DGLA有助於減輕炎症症狀,對健康有益[24]

什麼是omega-9脂肪酸?

Omega-9脂肪酸是單不飽和脂肪酸。Omega-9脂肪酸並不是嚴格意義上的“必需”脂肪酸,因為身體可以產生它們。

然而,食用富含omega-9脂肪酸的食物而不是其他類型的脂肪可能對健康有益。

研究發現,與食用高飽和脂肪飲食的人相比,食用高單不飽和脂肪飲食的人炎症更少,胰島素敏感性更高[25]

哪些食物含有這些脂肪?

Omega-3脂肪酸Omega-6脂肪酸Omega-9脂肪酸
三文魚4.0g EPA+DHA豆油50g橄欖油83g
鯖魚3.0g EPA+DHA玉米油49g腰果油73g
沙丁魚2.2g EPA+DHA蛋黃醬39g杏仁油70g
鳳尾魚1.0g EPA+DHA核桃37g鱷梨油60g
奇亞籽4.9g ALA葵花籽34g花生油47g
核桃2.5 ALA杏仁12g杏仁30g
亞麻籽2.3g ALA腰果8g腰果9g

補充注意點:

1.深海魚類來源應該保證自然野生且無污染的,即便是養殖魚類需要關注抗生素、養殖水源等問題。

2.Omega-6脂肪酸是我們日常更多攝入的,或許你可以選擇一些好的omega-6脂肪酸,如月見草油和琉璃苣油。

你應該服用 omega-3-6-9 補充劑嗎?

大多數人已經從他們的飲食中攝取了足夠的omega-6,而身體會產生omega-9。因此,大多數人不需要補充這些脂肪。

最好集中精力從飲食中獲得omega-3、omega-6和omega-9脂肪酸的良好平衡。

所以根據你的每日飲食,適當加入不同的油脂或食物。

或考慮直接補充omega3-6-9脂肪酸可以幫你省心省力。

草本奧米加配方

https://summerherb.co/product/107/Bonalin-Softgels

產品特點 :
維持心血管健康
維持腦細胞健康
維持免疫和循環系統健康
改善濕疹,皮膚和頭髮健康
促進關節健康
促進脂肪代謝

參考資料:

[1] Calder PC. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes. Nutrients. 2010;2(3):355-374.

[2] Martins JG. EPA but not DHA appears to be responsible for the efficacy of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in depression: evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Oct;28(5):525-42.

[3] Innis SM. Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and the developing brain. Brain Res. 2008 Oct 27;1237:35-43.

[4] Stark AH, Crawford MA, Reifen R. Update on alpha-linolenic acid. Nutr Rev. 2008 Jun;66(6):326-32.

[5] Eslick GD, Howe PR, Smith C, Priest R, Bensoussan A. Benefits of fish oil supplementation in hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2009 Jul 24;136(1):4-16.

[6] Oelrich B, Dewell A, Gardner CD. Effect of fish oil supplementation on serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and LDL subfractions in hypertriglyceridemic adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013 Apr;23(4):350-7.

[7] Minihane AM, Armah CK, Miles EA, Madden JM, Clark AB, Caslake MJ, Packard CJ, Kofler BM, Lietz G, Curtis PJ, Mathers JC, Williams CM, Calder PC. Consumption of Fish Oil Providing Amounts of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid That Can Be Obtained from the Diet Reduces Blood Pressure in Adults with Systolic Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis. J Nutr. 2016 Mar;146(3):516-23.

[8] Wang Q, Liang X, Wang L, Lu X, Huang J, Cao J, Li H, Gu D. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on endothelial function: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Atherosclerosis. 2012 Apr;221(2):536-43.

[9] Karanchi H, Muppidi V, Wyne K. Hypertriglyceridemia. [Updated 2021 Aug 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.

[10] Liao, Yuhua et al. “Efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in depression: A meta-analysis.” Translational psychiatry vol. 9,1 190. 5 Aug. 2019.

[11] Amminger, G Paul et al. “Longer-term outcome in the prevention of psychotic disorders by the Vienna omega-3 study.” Nature communications vol. 6 7934. 11 Aug. 2015.

[12] da Silva TM, Munhoz RP, Alvarez C, Naliwaiko K, Kiss A, Andreatini R, Ferraz AC. Depression in Parkinson’s disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation. J Affect Disord. 2008 Dec;111(2-3):351-9.

[13] Alison M Hill, Jonathan D Buckley, Karen J Murphy, Peter RC Howe, Combining fish-oil supplements with regular aerobic exercise improves body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 85, Issue 5, May 2007, Pages 1267–1274.

[14] Du, Shichun et al. “Does Fish Oil Have an Anti-Obesity Effect in Overweight/Obese Adults? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.” PloS one vol. 10,11 e0142652. 16 Nov. 2015.

[15] Parker HM, Johnson NA, Burdon CA, Cohn JS, O’Connor HT, George J. Omega-3 supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2012 Apr;56(4):944-51.

[16] Spadaro L, Magliocco O, Spampinato D, Piro S, Oliveri C, Alagona C, Papa G, Rabuazzo AM, Purrello F. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2008 Mar;40(3):194-9.

[17] https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1459790.

[18] Innis SM. Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and the developing brain. Brain Res. 2008 Oct 27;1237:35-43.

[19] Coletta JM, Bell SJ, Roman AS. Omega-3 Fatty acids and pregnancy. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2010;3(4):163-171.

[20] Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Andridge R, Malarkey WB, Glaser R. Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25(8):1725-1734.

[21] Fortin PR, Lew RA, Liang MH, Wright EA, Beckett LA, Chalmers TC, Sperling RI. Validation of a meta-analysis: the effects of fish oil in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Epidemiol. 1995 Nov;48(11):1379-90.

[22] Simopoulos AP, DiNicolantonio JJ. The importance of a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio in the prevention and management of obesity. Open Heart. 2016;3(2):e000385. Published 2016 Sep 20.

[23] DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH. Importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for reducing inflammation. Open Heart. 2018;5(2):e000946. Published 2018 Nov 26.

[24] Sergeant S, Rahbar E, Chilton FH. Gamma-linolenic acid, Dihommo-gamma linolenic, Eicosanoids and Inflammatory Processes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;785:77-86.

[25] Orla M. Finucane, Claire L. Lyons, Aoife M. Murphy, Clare M. Reynolds, Rut Klinger, Niamh P. Healy, Aoife A. Cooke, Rebecca C. Coll, Liam McAllan, Kanishka N. Nilaweera, Marcella E. O’Reilly, Audrey C. Tierney, Melissa J. Morine, Juan F. Alcala-Diaz, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Darran P. O’Connor, Luke A. O’Neill, Fiona C. McGillicuddy, Helen M. Roche; Monounsaturated Fatty Acid–Enriched High-Fat Diets Impede Adipose NLRP3 Inflammasome–Mediated IL-1β Secretion and Insulin Resistance Despite Obesity. Diabetes 1 June 2015; 64 (6): 2116–2128.

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